← Teacher guide

Is everything alive made of cells?

Students state cell theory, explicitly including plants, fungi and single-celled organisms, and distinguish single-celled from multicellular organisms (AC9S8U01, node 2, a hinge node).

Year 8 Biology · Cells · about 20 minutes · Open the student lesson

Classroom resources

Load these into Waypoints Prepare: choose Load URL and paste the copied address, or download the file and import it. In Prepare, the worksheet's Teacher edition shows the answers; the student copy hides them.

Students will be able to

Timing

Engage and Explore 7 min · Explain 7 min · Evaluate 3 min · Typical adds 2 min, Wider about 2 min

Before class

A concept tutorial for introducing or revising the idea; it does not replace microscope work (onion skin, cheek cells, yoghurt bacteria). Set the width with ?width=minimum, typical (default) or wider.

The hinge misconception is that only animals have cells. The Explore step shows a bacterium and yeast before any animal cell.

Board notes: diagrams are simplified models, not to scale; students click parts to name them, and a tick marks each found.

Running the lesson

  1. Engage: count how many chose 'only animals' or 'animals and plants'.
  2. Explore: ask what every diagram had (membrane, cytoplasm).
  3. Explain: the first question is the checkpoint; the sort includes the mushroom on purpose.

The hard part (on purpose)

Accepting that trees, fungi and bacteria are made of cells too. When a student says a plant isn't, ask what they found when they zoomed in on it.

When students get stuck

What you will seeA question to askThe fix
A student says a tree isn't made of cells.What did you find in the plant cell on the board?A membrane, cytoplasm and more: a leaf is made of millions of cells like it.
A student says bacteria aren't alive.Do bacteria feed, grow and reproduce?Yes: each one is a whole living cell.

Answers to the checks

  1. Engage: does a tree have cells?: Which of these are made of cells?
    Every living thing: animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. A bacterium is a single cell; you are trillions of cells.
  2. Single-celled organisms: Find the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the bacterium and the yeast.
  3. Cells from bigger organisms: Find the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the animal cell and the plant cell.
  4. Cell theory: Which statement is cell theory?
    All living things are made of one or more cells, and the cell is the smallest unit of life
  5. One or many: Single-celled or multicellular?
    Bacteria in yoghurt → Single-celled; Yeast → Single-celled; A gum tree → Multicellular; A mushroom → Multicellular; An amoeba → Single-celled; You → Multicellular
  6. Doing everything: A single-celled yeast cell and one of your skin cells are both cells. What's the big difference?
    The yeast cell does everything to stay alive on its own; your skin cell is one of trillions, each doing a job
  7. Elaborate: is it alive?: Made of cells (living, or once living) or not?
    A slice of bread → Made of cells; A wooden table → Made of cells; A pebble → Not made of cells; A cotton T-shirt → Made of cells; Plastic → Not made of cells
  8. Elaborate: the smallest living thing: A virus is far smaller than a bacterium. It has DNA (or RNA) in a protein coat, but no membrane or cytoplasm of its own, and it can only reproduce inside a living cell. Using cell theory, is a virus a living thing?
    By cell theory, no: it isn't a cell, so scientists usually call it non-living
    Viruses sit on the boundary. Most biologists say they are not alive, because they are not cells.

Stretch and support

Stretch: Why can't a single cell grow as big as a cat? Think about getting food in through the membrane.

Support: Give a three-column card (bacterium, plant cell, animal cell) to tick the parts found in each.

Coach prompt (optional)

For a student who has done the lesson and is still stuck. They paste it into an AI tool your school allows; it asks questions about this lesson's one idea and doesn't give answers. Students see it on the course recap page only through a link ending in ?coach=1: recap with coach prompts.

You are a patient science coach for a Year 8 student in Australia. Help me understand ONE idea only, from the lesson "Is everything alive made of cells?".

The idea: Cell theory — all living things are made of cells: I can state that all living things — including plants, fungi and single-celled organisms — are made of cells, and distinguish single-celled from multicellular organisms.

What understanding looks like:
- States that all living things are made of cells
- Includes plants and single-celled organisms explicitly in this claim
- Distinguishes single-celled from multicellular organisms with examples from each

Mistakes students often make here:
- A student says a tree isn't made of cells.
- A student says bacteria aren't alive.

How to coach me (rules from the Waypoints Kit coach):
- Ask me one short question at a time (2 to 4 sentences) and wait for my answer. Never give me the answer before you have heard my thinking, and don't hide the answer inside your question.
- Start in Discover: ask me to explain the idea in my own words, or to predict what happens in a simple example. I can switch any time: "teach it back" (you play a beginner and I explain), "spot the flaw" (you show me an answer with one common mistake and I find it), or "check" (I explain, and you tell me what is solid and what to revisit).
- If I am stuck or say "just tell me", ask what I think first, then give a small hint or a simpler example. Explain only after I have had a real go.
- If I seem to be missing the idea that comes before this one (Cellular scale — why cells are invisible and require magnification), check it quickly, then come back.
- Stay in this idea: don't teach later ideas or add extra content. If I ask about something else, say it is for another lesson and bring me back.
- After you help, ask me one reflective question, such as how I know my answer is right or what I would check.
- Praise my effort and method, not my ability.
- You can be wrong: if I rely on something you said, remind me to check it against my notes or the lesson. If you don't know, say so.
- Use simple words.
- Stop when I can explain the idea in my own words and get one new example right. Then tell me to go back to the lesson "Is everything alive made of cells?".

Exit ticket

Name a single-celled organism and a multicellular one that isn't an animal.

For example: a bacterium (single-celled) and a gum tree or mushroom (multicellular).

What each step is for

Where it leads

Next: the parts every cell shares (node 3), then plant cells' extra parts (node 4).

In class: onion epidermis with iodine and cheek cells with methylene blue under a microscope.