← Year 10 Earth and space

Quick check: scale, the cosmic glow and the evidence

A few quick questions on the scale of the universe, the cosmic microwave background and matter proportions, and how the evidence fits together. Taught in class; use this to check yourself.

The light you see from some stars left them before humans existed. How far is that, and what else tells us the universe had a beginning?

Your teacher covers scale and the extra evidence in class. These questions check the basics.

ExplainUse the particle model to explain what you saw.

Scale

Which list is in order from smallest to largest?

A light-year is a unit of what?

Which unit suits the distance from Earth to the Sun?

The Sun is about 1.5 × 10^8 km from Earth. Written out in full, that is:

ExplainUse the particle model to explain what you saw.

The cosmic glow and matter

The cosmic microwave background is a faint radiation coming from every direction. What does it show?

About how much of the mass of ordinary matter in the universe is hydrogen and helium?

Is it evidence for the big bang that does not depend on redshift?

The cosmic microwave background
The proportions of hydrogen and helium
Distant galaxies moving away from us (redshift)

ExplainUse the particle model to explain what you saw.

The evidence together

Which line of evidence is it?

Distant galaxies are moving away from us
A faint glow reaches us from every direction
About three-quarters of the mass is hydrogen, almost all the rest helium
The universe is expanding
The early universe was very hot and has cooled
Hydrogen and helium nuclei formed in the first few minutes

Why does it strengthen the big bang theory that redshift, the CMB and matter proportions all fit?

Which is still an open question in cosmology?

For teachers

A self-test on the scale of the universe, the CMB and matter proportions, and how the lines of evidence fit together (AC9S10U03, nodes 1, 4 and 5, taught in class; node 5 a hinge). About 16 minutes.

Open the teacher guide: answers, solutions, slides and a worksheet.

Students will be able to

Before class

A Quick check: a few questions on what students should know for AC9S10U03 nodes 1, 4 and 5, which you teach in class. It has no board, no clip and no new teaching, and it is optional, so it never holds up course completion. Set the width with ?width=minimum, typical (default) or wider.

Use it as a self-test after your teaching, a starter, or revision. The big bang and redshift lessons are on screen (nodes 2 and 3). A scale activity (a class-sized solar system, or a number line) and a discussion of dark matter work better in the room.

Running the lesson

  1. Node 1: have students place objects on a scale line before the questions.
  2. Node 5: ask which line of evidence they would show a sceptic first, and why.

The hard part (on purpose)

Holding the sizes in mind. When a student mixes light-years and kilometres, ask what the distance would look like in each.

When students get stuck

Stretch and support

Stretch: How long does light from the Sun take to reach Earth (about 8 minutes)? Use it to place one AU on a scale in light-minutes.

Support: Give the scale list on cards to order, with a unit sheet (AU, light-year).

Where it leads

Back in class: a model of the expanding universe (dots on a balloon); discussion of what is still unknown.

What each step is for

Now you can
Next lesson7. Quick check: causes, evidence and responsesA few quick questions on how human activity creates an energy imbalance, the indicators that show warming, and mitigation versus adaptation. Taught in class; use this to check yourself.